Abstract:

Artificial intelligence (AI) is playing an increasingly important role in modern society. Understanding the factors that shape individuals' attitudes toward AI has attracted growing research attention. One important question is why some individuals readily accept AI, whereas others fear it. Drawing on belief in a just world (BJW) theory, this research examines whether individuals’ belief about the fairness of the world influences their acceptance or fear of AI. Across two studies, the current research finds that individuals with stronger BJW exhibit greater acceptance of AI and lower fear of AI. Furthermore, this relationship is mediated by locus of control. Stronger BJW fosters a more internal locus of control, which in turn leads to more favorable attitudes toward AI. These findings contribute to the literature on AI attitudes by identifying BJW as an important psychological antecedent and by explaining the underlying mechanism through locus of control. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.